A computer network is:

A group of connected computers and devices

According to the book, a computer network allows different devices to:

Connect and communicate with each other

Store data only on one computer

According to the book, how big can a network be?

Small or large depending on the need

Which of the following is given in the book as "a common example of network use"?

Printing from a disconnected printer

Playing a game with no connection

According to the book, banks use networks for:

Online classes and learning systems

According to the book, schools use networks for:

Online classes and learning systems

The TIDBIT in topic 1.1 says that networks support:

Online learning and remote work

According to the book, network architecture is:

The overall design of a computer network

Network architecture shows how which of these are arranged?

Computers, servers, and other devices

According to the book, network architecture includes:

Hardware, software, and communication rules

Besides arranging devices, network architecture also defines:

How data is transmitted across the network

According to the book, a good architecture helps the network:

Work efficiently and supports future expansion

What does the receiving device do with the packets?

Reassembles them into the original data

Sends them back without reading

Breaks them into smaller packets

Which order matches how a network works, according to the book?

Data is broken into packets, packets travel and are guided, then the receiver reassembles them

Packets are reassembled, then data is broken, then packets travel

Packets travel first, then data is broken into packets

The receiver breaks the data, then the sender reassembles it

According to the book, the packet process allows:

Communication without any devices

Only one device to use the network

Which are the most common types of computer networks named in the book?

LAN, WAN, and the Internet (Public WAN)

Which statement about LAN is correct, according to the book?

LAN is cost-effective and easy to maintain

LAN is expensive to install and manage

LAN connects networks in different countries

LAN has slower data transfer speed than WAN

According to the book, WAN uses:

Leased lines, satellites, or the Internet

Compared with a LAN, the book says a WAN:

Has slower data transfer speed and is expensive to install and manage

Which services does the book say use the Internet?

Email, websites and cloud storage

According to the TIDBIT in topic 1.3, ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a:

Company that provides Internet access to users

The main function of a router is to:

Connect devices within a network

A modem connects a local network to:

An Internet Service Provider (ISP)

According to the book, modems are used with:

Cable, DSL, or fiber connections

Which statement about a Network Interface Card (NIC) is correct?

It is never built into modern devices.

Network topology refers to:

The layout of a computer network

The speed of a computer network

The software of a computer network

Class 12 Computer Science Chapter 1 MCQs with Answers: Computer Networks

1.1 Introduction to Computer Networks

1.
A computer network is:
1. a)A single computer system
2. b)A group of connected computers and devices Correct answer
3. c)A software program
4. d)A storage device
Explanation
Book answer key: "1. B". From the book: "A computer network allows different devices to connect and communicate with each other." and "Networks can connect computers, mobile phones, printers, and other digital devices (as shown in Figure 1.1)."
2.
According to the book, a computer network allows different devices to:
1. a)Connect and communicate with each other Correct answer
2. b)Work without electricity
3. c)Store data only on one computer
4. d)Run without any software
Explanation
From the book: "A computer network allows different devices to connect and communicate with each other. It helps in sharing information quickly and easily."
3.
Communication through networks saves:
1. a)Electricity and paper
2. b)Time and effort Correct answer
3. c)Storage space and memory
4. d)Money and hardware
Explanation
From the book: "Communication through networks saves time and effort."
4.
According to the book, devices in a network communicate using:
1. a)Letters and couriers
2. b)Only USB drives
3. c)Cables or wireless signals Correct answer
4. d)Only satellites
Explanation
From the book: "Networks can connect computers, mobile phones, printers, and other digital devices (as shown in Figure 1.1). These devices communicate using cables or wireless signals."
5.
Which of these does the book say a network allows to move from one device to another?
1. a)Only electricity
2. b)Only printed pages
3. c)Only keyboard input
4. d)Data, files, and resources Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "A network allows data, files, and resources to move from one device to another." Figure 1.1 says the same: "A computer network connects multiple devices to share data and resources".
6.
According to the book, how big can a network be?
1. a)Always very small
2. b)Always very large
3. c)Small or large depending on the need Correct answer
4. d)Exactly ten devices
Explanation
From the book: "Networks can be small or large depending on the need."
7.
Which of the following is given in the book as "a common example of network use"?
1. a)Internet browsing Correct answer
2. b)Typing a letter offline
3. c)Printing from a disconnected printer
4. d)Playing a game with no connection
Explanation
From the book (Uses of Computer Network): "Internet browsing is a common example of network use."
8.
According to the book, banks use networks for:
1. a)Online classes and learning systems
2. b)Controlling smart home devices
3. c)Calls and messages only
4. d)Online transactions and ATMs Correct answer
Explanation
From the book (Uses of Computer Network): "Banks use networks for online transactions and ATMs." Online classes are the book's use for schools, and controlling devices is its use for smart homes.
9.
According to the book, schools use networks for:
1. a)ATMs
2. b)Online classes and learning systems Correct answer
3. c)Controlling lights at home
4. d)Repairing computers
Explanation
From the book (Uses of Computer Network): "Schools use networks for online classes and learning systems."
10.
The TIDBIT in topic 1.1 says that networks support:
1. a)Only video games
2. b)Only printing
3. c)Online learning and remote work Correct answer
4. d)Only television
Explanation
From the book's TIDBIT: "Networks support online learning and remote work. Businesses rely on networks for daily operations."
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1.2 Network Architecture and Basic Concepts

11.
According to the book, network architecture is:
1. a)The overall design of a computer network Correct answer
2. b)The speed of a network cable
3. c)The name of a web browser
4. d)A type of printer
Explanation
From the book: "Network architecture is the overall design of a computer network."
12.
Network architecture shows how which of these are arranged?
1. a)Only keyboards and mice
2. b)Computers, servers, and other devices Correct answer
3. c)Only files and folders
4. d)Only users and passwords
Explanation
From the book: "It shows how computers, servers, and other devices are arranged (as shown in Figure 1.2)."
13.
According to the book, network architecture includes:
1. a)Only hardware
2. b)Only software
3. c)Hardware, software, and communication rules Correct answer
4. d)Only cables
Explanation
From the book: "Network architecture includes hardware, software, and communication rules."
14.
Besides arranging devices, network architecture also defines:
1. a)How screens display colours
2. b)How a printer prints pages
3. c)How a computer is switched on
4. d)How data is transmitted across the network Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "It also defines how data is transmitted across the network."
15.
According to the book, a good architecture helps the network:
1. a)Use more electricity
2. b)Stop all communication
3. c)Work efficiently and supports future expansion Correct answer
4. d)Work without any devices
Explanation
From the book: "A good architecture helps the network work efficiently. It also supports future expansion of the network."
16.
Before transmission, data is broken into small:
1. a)Packets Correct answer
2. b)Files
3. c)Folders
4. d)Cables
Explanation
From the book: "Data is broken into small packets before transmission."
17.
According to the book, what guides packets to the correct destination?
1. a)The user's keyboard
2. b)The monitor
3. c)The printer
4. d)Networking devices Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "These packets travel through cables or wireless signals. Networking devices guide packets to the correct destination."
18.
What does the receiving device do with the packets?
1. a)Deletes them
2. b)Reassembles them into the original data Correct answer
3. c)Sends them back without reading
4. d)Breaks them into smaller packets
Explanation
From the book: "The receiving device reassembles the packets into the original data."
19.
Which order matches how a network works, according to the book?
1. a)Packets are reassembled, then data is broken, then packets travel
2. b)Packets travel first, then data is broken into packets
3. c)Data is broken into packets, packets travel and are guided, then the receiver reassembles them Correct answer
4. d)The receiver breaks the data, then the sender reassembles it
Explanation
From the book: "Data is broken into small packets before transmission. These packets travel through cables or wireless signals. Networking devices guide packets to the correct destination. The receiving device reassembles the packets into the original data."
20.
According to the book, the packet process allows:
1. a)Slow and broken communication
2. b)Communication without any devices
3. c)Only one device to use the network
4. d)Smooth and fast communication Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "This process allows smooth and fast communication."
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1.3 Types of Computer Networks

21.
A network that covers a small geographical area, such as a school or office, is:
1. a)WAN
2. b)MAN
3. c)LAN Correct answer
4. d)Internet
Explanation
Book answer key: "3. C". From the book: "A Local Area Network connects devices within a small area (as shown in Figure 1.3). This area can be a home, school, or office." (MAN is offered as an option but is not taught in the book.)
22.
According to the book, computer networks are classified based on:
1. a)Size and coverage area Correct answer
2. b)Colour and shape
3. c)Price of computers
4. d)Number of users' passwords
Explanation
From the book: "Computer networks are classified based on size and coverage area." The DO YOU KNOW? box says: "Computer networks are classified based on distance and coverage area."
23.
Which are the most common types of computer networks named in the book?
1. a)Bus, star, and ring
2. b)LAN, WAN, and the Internet (Public WAN) Correct answer
3. c)Router, switch, and modem
4. d)HTTP, FTP, and DNS
Explanation
From the book: "The most common types are LAN, WAN, and the Internet (Public WAN)."
24.
According to the book, understanding network types helps in:
1. a)Typing faster
2. b)Repairing a printer
3. c)Proper network selection Correct answer
4. d)Charging a phone
Explanation
From the book: "Understanding network types helps in proper network selection."
25.
Which of these is commonly used in LANs, according to the book?
1. a)Leased lines and satellites
2. b)DSL and ISP
3. c)Email and cloud storage
4. d)Ethernet and Wi-Fi Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "Ethernet and Wi-Fi are commonly used in LANs." Leased lines and satellites are what the book says a WAN uses.
26.
A LAN is usually owned and managed by:
1. a)Many countries together
2. b)Every Internet user
3. c)A single organization Correct answer
4. d)No one
Explanation
From the book: "It is usually owned and managed by a single organization."
27.
Which statement about LAN is correct, according to the book?
1. a)LAN is cost-effective and easy to maintain Correct answer
2. b)LAN is expensive to install and manage
3. c)LAN connects networks in different countries
4. d)LAN has slower data transfer speed than WAN
Explanation
From the book: "LAN provides high data transfer speed. ... LAN is cost-effective and easy to maintain." Being expensive and connecting countries are the book's points about WAN.
28.
A Wide Area Network connects networks in:
1. a)One room only
2. b)One house only
3. c)One computer only
4. d)Different cities or countries Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "A Wide Area Network covers a large geographic area (as shown in Figure 1.4). It connects networks in different cities or countries."
29.
According to the book, WAN uses:
1. a)Only Bluetooth
2. b)Leased lines, satellites, or the Internet Correct answer
3. c)Only USB cables
4. d)Only Ethernet inside one room
Explanation
From the book: "WAN uses leased lines, satellites, or the Internet."
30.
Which is the largest example of a WAN, according to the book?
1. a)A school LAN
2. b)A home Wi-Fi network
3. c)The Internet Correct answer
4. d)An office printer network
Explanation
From the book: "The Internet is the largest example of a WAN."
31.
Compared with a LAN, the book says a WAN:
1. a)Is faster and cheaper
2. b)Covers a smaller area
3. c)Is always owned by one family
4. d)Has slower data transfer speed and is expensive to install and manage Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "Data transfer speed is slower than LAN. WAN is expensive to install and manage." By contrast, "LAN provides high data transfer speed" and "LAN is cost-effective and easy to maintain."
32.
Which services does the book say use the Internet?
1. a)Email, websites and cloud storage Correct answer
2. b)Only offline games
3. c)Only printers
4. d)Only calculators
Explanation
From the book: "Services like email, websites and cloud storage use the Internet (as shown in Figure 1.5). It uses standard protocols for communication."
33.
According to the TIDBIT in topic 1.3, ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a:
1. a)Type of cable
2. b)Type of computer virus
3. c)Company that provides Internet access to users Correct answer
4. d)Kind of printer
Explanation
From the book's TIDBIT: "ISP (Internet Service Provider): Company that provides Internet access to users." The same box says: "DSL(Digital Subscriber Line) : Internet through telephone lines; allows calling and browsing at the same time."

1.4 Networking Devices

34.
The device used to connect a computer to a network is:
1. a)Monitor
2. b)Keyboard
3. c)Network Interface Card (NIC) Correct answer
4. d)Printer
Explanation
Book answer key: "C". From the book: "A Network Interface Card allows a device to connect to a network (as shown in Figure 1.6)." and "Without a NIC, a device cannot communicate on a network."
35.
The main function of a router is to:
1. a)Store data
2. b)Connect devices within a network
3. c)Connect different networks Correct answer
4. d)Display web pages
Explanation
Book answer key: "C". From the book: "A router connects different networks together. It directs data packets to their correct destination." Option b describes a switch: "A switch connects devices and sends data to the correct device."
36.
The device that converts digital signals for Internet transmission is:
1. a)Switch
2. b)Hub
3. c)Modem Correct answer
4. d)NIC
Explanation
Book answer key: "C". From the book: "A modem connects a local network to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). It converts digital data into signals suitable for transmission. It also converts incoming signals back into digital form."
37.
Each NIC has a unique address called:
1. a)IP address
2. b)MAC address Correct answer
3. c)ISP address
4. d)Web address
Explanation
From the book: "Each NIC has a unique address called MAC address." The IP address is what routers use: "They use IP addresses to send data."
38.
According to the book, what do networking devices control?
1. a)The speed of the processor
2. b)The flow of data Correct answer
3. c)The size of the screen
4. d)The power supply
Explanation
From the book: "Networking devices are used to connect computers and other devices in a network. These devices control the flow of data. Each device has a specific role in communication."
39.
Which device connects devices and sends data to the correct device?
1. a)Switch Correct answer
2. b)Modem
3. c)Wireless access point
4. d)Monitor
Explanation
From the book: "A switch connects devices and sends data to the correct device. Switches improve network speed and efficiency."
40.
Routers use which addresses to send data?
1. a)MAC addresses
2. b)Email addresses
3. c)IP addresses Correct answer
4. d)Home addresses
Explanation
From the book: "Routers connect local networks to the Internet. They use IP addresses to send data." The MAC address belongs to the NIC.
41.
A modem connects a local network to:
1. a)A printer
2. b)An Internet Service Provider (ISP) Correct answer
3. c)A keyboard
4. d)A Network Interface Card (NIC)
Explanation
From the book: "A modem connects a local network to an Internet Service Provider (ISP)."
42.
According to the book, modems are used with:
1. a)Cable, DSL, or fiber connections Correct answer
2. b)Keyboards and mice only
3. c)Printers only
4. d)Bluetooth headphones
Explanation
From the book: "Modems are used with cable, DSL, or fiber connections. Internet access depends on a modem. Modems often work with routers."
43.
Which device provides Wi-Fi connectivity and extends wireless network coverage?
1. a)Switch
2. b)Modem
3. c)Wireless access point Correct answer
4. d)Network Interface Card (NIC)
Explanation
From the book: "A wireless access point provides Wi-Fi connectivity. It allows wireless devices to connect to a network (as shown in Figure 1.7). It extends wireless network coverage."
44.
Which statement about a Network Interface Card (NIC) is correct?
1. a)It can only be wired.
2. b)It can be wired or wireless. Correct answer
3. c)It can only be wireless.
4. d)It is never built into modern devices.
Explanation
From the book: "It can be wired or wireless." and "NICs are built into most modern devices."
45.
A school wants Wi-Fi in every block of its large campus. Which device does the book say is used in large buildings and campuses?
1. a)Modem
2. b)Wireless access point Correct answer
3. c)Switch
4. d)Network Interface Card (NIC)
Explanation
From the book: "Access points are used in large buildings and campuses. They improve signal strength and stability. Wireless access points support mobile connectivity."

1.5 Network Topologies

46.
The topology that uses a central hub or switch is:
1. a)Bus Topology
2. b)Ring Topology
3. c)Star Topology Correct answer
4. d)Mesh Topology
Explanation
Book answer key: "C". From the book: "In star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch (as shown in Figure 1.9). Data passes through the central device."
47.
The topology that provides the highest reliability is:
1. a)Bus topology
2. b)Ring topology
3. c)Star topology
4. d)Mesh topology Correct answer
Explanation
Book answer key: "D". From the book: "Multiple paths exist for data transmission. This increases reliability and fault tolerance. Failure of one link does not stop communication." and "This figure explains why mesh topology is very reliable but complex." Table 1.1 lists for mesh: "Highly reliable and fault-tolerant".
48.
Network topology refers to:
1. a)The speed of a computer network
2. b)The layout of a computer network Correct answer
3. c)The cost of a computer network
4. d)The software of a computer network
Explanation
From the book: "Network topology refers to the layout of a computer network. It explains how devices and cables are arranged."
49.
Which type of topology shows how data flows in the network?
1. a)Physical topology
2. b)Logical topology Correct answer
3. c)Bus topology
4. d)Tree topology
Explanation
From the book: "Topology can be physical or logical. Physical topology shows actual connections. Logical topology shows how data flows in the network."
50.
In bus topology, all devices are connected to:
1. a)A central hub
2. b)A circular path
3. c)A single main cable Correct answer
4. d)Many other devices
Explanation
From the book: "In bus topology, all devices are connected to a single main cable." A central hub is star topology, a circular path is ring topology and many other devices is mesh topology.
51.
Which topology is "suitable for small networks" but "not good for large networks"?
1. a)Bus topology Correct answer
2. b)Tree topology
3. c)Mesh topology
4. d)Star topology
Explanation
From the book: "It is simple and low in cost. Failure of the main cable can stop the entire network (as shown in Figure 1.8). It is suitable for small networks. Bus topology is not good for large networks."
52.
In ring topology, data moves:
1. a)In both directions at the same time
2. b)In one direction around the ring Correct answer
3. c)Only through a central hub
4. d)From the root to the branches
Explanation
From the book: "In ring topology, devices are connected in a circular path (as shown in Figure 1.10). Data moves in one direction around the ring. Each device receives data and passes it along."
53.
Which topology does the book say "is rarely used today"?
1. a)Star topology
2. b)Tree topology
3. c)Ring topology Correct answer
4. d)Mesh topology
Explanation
From the book: "Ring topology is rarely used today." Table 1.1 also lists "Rarely used today" as a disadvantage of ring topology.
54.
Tree topology combines features of which two topologies?
1. a)Ring and mesh
2. b)Bus and star Correct answer
3. c)Star and ring
4. d)Mesh and bus
Explanation
From the book: "It combines features of both bus and star topologies, where multiple star networks are connected to a central backbone."
55.
In tree topology, failure of which part can affect the entire network?
1. a)One node
2. b)One printer
3. c)The backbone Correct answer
4. d)One branch cable
Explanation
From the book: "However, failure of the backbone can affect the entire network." Table 1.1 lists for tree: "Backbone failure affects whole network".
56.
In which topology does "Failure of one device does not affect others"?
1. a)Bus topology
2. b)Star topology Correct answer
3. c)Ring topology
4. d)Tree topology
Explanation
From the book (Star Topology): "Failure of one device does not affect others. Failure of the central hub stops the network." In ring topology the opposite is true: "Failure of one device can affect the whole network."
57.
According to Table 1.1, "No data collision" is an advantage of:
1. a)Bus Topology
2. b)Star Topology
3. c)Ring Topology Correct answer
4. d)Tree Topology
Explanation
Table 1.1, Ring Topology advantages: "Data flows in an organized manner", "No data collision", "Equal access for all devices".
58.
According to Table 1.1, which of these is a disadvantage of mesh topology?
1. a)Requires less cable
2. b)Very expensive Correct answer
3. c)Rarely used today
4. d)Performance decreases with more devices
Explanation
Table 1.1, Mesh Topology disadvantages: "Very expensive", "Complex installation", "Requires large number of cables". "Rarely used today" is a ring disadvantage, and "Performance decreases with more devices" is a bus disadvantage. "Requires less cable" is a bus advantage.
59.
A large organization wants a network that is easy to expand and has hierarchical management. Which topology fits these advantages in Table 1.1?
1. a)Bus Topology
2. b)Ring Topology
3. c)Mesh Topology
4. d)Tree Topology Correct answer
Explanation
Table 1.1, Tree Topology advantages: "Easy to expand", "Suitable for large networks", "Hierarchical management". The text adds: "Tree topology is commonly used in large organizations."

1.6 Network Models and Layers

60.
The OSI model contains:
1. a)Five layers
2. b)Six layers
3. c)Seven layers Correct answer
4. d)Eight layers
Explanation
Book answer key: "C". From the book: "The OSI model has seven layers. Each layer performs a different function."
61.
According to the book, network models explain:
1. a)How computers are built from hardware parts
2. b)How data moves from one device to another in an organized way Correct answer
3. c)How much a network costs to install
4. d)How a user types data on a keyboard
Explanation
From the book: "Network models explain how data moves from one device to another in an organized way. These models divide communication into different layers."
62.
OSI stands for:
1. a)Open Software Interface
2. b)Operating Systems Interconnection
3. c)Open Systems Interconnection Correct answer
4. d)Online Systems Internet
Explanation
From the book: "The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It is a standard model used to understand network communication."
63.
Which OSI layer sends raw data as electrical, optical, or radio signals over the medium?
1. a)Physical Layer Correct answer
2. b)Data Link Layer
3. c)Network Layer
4. d)Session Layer
Explanation
From the book: "Physical Layer: Sends raw data as electrical, optical, or radio signals over the medium. It defines hardware aspects such as cables, connectors, voltage levels, and data transmission rates."
64.
Framing, error detection/correction, and control of access to the shared transmission medium are handled by the:
1. a)Transport Layer
2. b)Data Link Layer Correct answer
3. c)Presentation Layer
4. d)Application Layer
Explanation
From the book: "Data Link Layer: Ensures error-free data transfer between directly connected nodes. It handles framing, error detection/correction, and controls access to the shared transmission medium."
65.
Which OSI layer manages logical addressing (IP addresses) and determines the best path for data delivery?
1. a)Physical Layer
2. b)Session Layer
3. c)Network Layer Correct answer
4. d)Presentation Layer
Explanation
From the book: "Network Layer: Responsible for routing data from source to destination across different networks. It manages logical addressing (IP addresses) and determines the best path for data delivery."
66.
Error recovery, flow control, and segmentation of data into smaller units are performed by the:
1. a)Transport Layer Correct answer
2. b)Network Layer
3. c)Data Link Layer
4. d)Application Layer
Explanation
From the book: "Transport Layer: Provides reliable and ordered delivery of data between devices. It performs error recovery, flow control, and segmentation of data into smaller units."
67.
Which OSI layer establishes, maintains, and terminates communication sessions between applications?
1. a)Presentation Layer
2. b)Session Layer Correct answer
3. c)Transport Layer
4. d)Physical Layer
Explanation
From the book: "Session Layer: Establishes, maintains, and terminates communication sessions between applications. It manages session checkpoints and recovery in case of interruptions."
68.
Data encryption, compression, and format conversion are handled by the:
1. a)Application Layer
2. b)Network Layer
3. c)Presentation Layer Correct answer
4. d)Data Link Layer
Explanation
From the book: "Presentation Layer: Translates data into a format understandable by the application layer. It handles data encryption, compression, and format conversion."
69.
Which OSI layer supports protocols like HTTP, FTP, and email services?
1. a)Session Layer
2. b)Transport Layer
3. c)Physical Layer
4. d)Application Layer Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "Application Layer: Provides services directly to end users and applications. It supports protocols like HTTP, FTP, and email services for communication and data exchange."
70.
Figure 1.13 shows the OSI model on the sender side. In which direction does the data flow?
1. a)From the Physical Layer to the Application Layer
2. b)From the Application Layer to the Physical Layer Correct answer
3. c)From the Network Layer to the Session Layer
4. d)From the Receiver to the Sender
Explanation
The book's caption: "Figure 1.13: OSI Model on the Sender Side Showing Data Flow from the Application Layer to the Physical Layer". In the figure, arrows point down from Application, through Presentation, Session, Transport, Network and Data Link, to Physical.
71.
According to the book, which statement about network layers is correct?
1. a)Changes in one layer do not affect other layers Correct answer
2. b)All layers do the same job
3. c)Data skips the layers and moves in one step
4. d)Layers make network design more complex
Explanation
From the book: "Data passes through these layers step by step. This structure makes network design simple and organized. Changes in one layer do not affect other layers." Options b, c and d say the opposite of the book.
72.
According to the TIDBIT in the book, the middle layers of the OSI model:
1. a)Handle physical data transfer
2. b)Support user applications
3. c)Manage routing and delivery Correct answer
4. d)Store data permanently
Explanation
From the book's TIDBIT: "Lower layers handle physical data transfer. Middle layers manage routing and delivery. Upper layers support user applications."
73.
Besides making networks easier to understand and manage, layered models also help in:
1. a)Increasing the price of cables
2. b)Troubleshooting network problems Correct answer
3. c)Removing the need for protocols
4. d)Making every device the same
Explanation
From the book: "Layered models make networks easier to understand and manage. They also help in troubleshooting network problems. Network models are used as standards in networking."
74.
According to the book, which three OSI layers support user interaction and data formatting?
1. a)Physical, data link, and network
2. b)Network, transport, and session
3. c)Data link, network, and transport
4. d)Session, presentation, and application Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "The transport layer ensures reliable delivery. The session, presentation, and application layers support user interaction and data formatting."

1.7 Network Protocols and Services

75.
The protocol mainly used to view web pages is:
1. a)FTP
2. b)DNS
3. c)TCP
4. d)HTTP Correct answer
Explanation
Book answer key: "D". From the book: "HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is used to transfer web pages. HTTP works between a web browser and a web server. It allows users to view websites."
76.
DNS is used to:
1. a)Transfer files
2. b)Protect data
3. c)Convert domain names into IP addresses Correct answer
4. d)Connect hardware devices
Explanation
Book answer key: "C". From the book: "DNS stands for Domain Name System. It converts website names into IP addresses." The exercise says "domain names" where the topic text says "website names"; both mean names like www.example.com(opens in a new tab).
77.
According to the book, a network protocol is:
1. a)A device that connects networks
2. b)A set of rules for communication Correct answer
3. c)A type of network cable
4. d)A program that stores files
Explanation
From the book: "A network protocol is a set of rules for communication. It defines how data is formatted and transmitted."
78.
The book gives which two examples of protocols in its opening paragraph?
1. a)TCP/IP and HTTP Correct answer
2. b)LAN and WAN
3. c)Router and switch
4. d)RAM and ROM
Explanation
From the book: "Protocols ensure smooth data exchange. Examples include TCP/IP and HTTP."
79.
According to the book, all devices in a network must:
1. a)Use the same brand of computer
2. b)Be in the same room
3. c)Follow the same protocol Correct answer
4. d)Have the same IP address
Explanation
From the book: "All devices in a network must follow the same protocol. Protocols ensure smooth data exchange."
80.
TCP/IP stands for:
1. a)Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Program
2. b)Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol Correct answer
3. c)Transmission Connection Program and Internal Protocol
4. d)Text Control Protocol and Internet Path
Explanation
From the book: "TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. It is the main protocol used on the Internet."
81.
In TCP/IP, which part handles the addressing and routing of data?
1. a)TCP
2. b)IP Correct answer
3. c)HTTP
4. d)FTP
Explanation
From the book: "TCP ensures reliable data delivery. IP handles the addressing and routing of data. Together, TCP/IP enables communication between devices."
82.
According to the book, which protocol ensures reliable data delivery?
1. a)TCP Correct answer
2. b)IP
3. c)DNS
4. d)HTTP
Explanation
From the book: "TCP ensures reliable data delivery. IP handles the addressing and routing of data."
83.
HTTP works between:
1. a)A printer and a scanner
2. b)Two network cables
3. c)A web browser and a web server Correct answer
4. d)A keyboard and a monitor
Explanation
From the book: "It is used to transfer web pages. HTTP works between a web browser and a web server. It allows users to view websites."
84.
According to the book, HTTPS is:
1. a)A faster version of FTP
2. b)The secure version of HTTP Correct answer
3. c)A type of DNS server
4. d)An older version of TCP
Explanation
From the book: "HTTP does not encrypt data; secure websites use HTTPS instead. HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP. It uses encryption to protect data transmitted between a web browser and a web server."
85.
According to the book, the encryption used by HTTPS is provided using:
1. a)FTP protocols
2. b)DNS servers
3. c)SSL/TLS protocols Correct answer
4. d)IP addresses
Explanation
From the book: "This encryption is provided using SSL/TLS protocols, which ensure that sensitive information such as passwords, personal details, and payment data cannot be easily intercepted by attackers." Note: HTTPS today uses TLS; SSL is the older, retired name.
86.
FTP is used to:
1. a)Upload and download files Correct answer
2. b)Convert website names into IP addresses
3. c)Encrypt web pages
4. d)Route data between networks
Explanation
From the book: "FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is used to upload and download files. FTP allows file sharing between computers."
87.
According to the book, who performs the translation of website names into IP addresses?
1. a)Web browsers
2. b)FTP servers
3. c)DNS servers Correct answer
4. d)Network cables
Explanation
From the book: "Users do not need to remember numbers. DNS servers perform this translation process. It plays a key role in Internet use."
88.
In Figure 1.14 (DNS Name Resolution Process), the website name www.example.com is turned into:
1. a)An email address
2. b)The IP address 93.184.216.34 Correct answer
3. c)A file name
4. d)A web browser
Explanation
Figure 1.14 shows "www.example.com(opens in a new tab)" going to "DNS" and then to a cloud of servers, which gives the address "93.184.216.34". From the book: "It converts website names into IP addresses."
89.
According to the DO YOU KNOW? box, protocols are like:
1. a)Cables that join computers
2. b)Languages that computers use to talk to each other Correct answer
3. c)Passwords that protect data
4. d)Files stored on a server
Explanation
From the book's DO YOU KNOW? box: "Protocols are like languages that computers use to talk to each other."

1.8 IP Addressing and Subnetting

90.
IP stands for:
1. a)Internal Program
2. b)Internet Protocol Correct answer
3. c)Information Packet
4. d)Internet Provider
Explanation
From the book: "IP stands for Internet Protocol."
91.
According to the book, an IP address is:
1. a)A unique number assigned to a device Correct answer
2. b)The name of a website
3. c)A password used to log in to a network
4. d)A cable that connects two computers
Explanation
From the book: "An IP address is a unique number assigned to a device. IP stands for Internet Protocol. It helps identify devices on a network."
92.
Which statement about IP addresses is correct according to the book?
1. a)Only servers need an IP address
2. b)Data does not use IP addresses
3. c)Every network device must have an IP address Correct answer
4. d)Communication is possible without an IP address
Explanation
From the book: "Data uses IP addresses to find its destination. Every network device must have an IP address. Communication is not possible without it."
93.
IPv4 uses addresses of:
1. a)16 bits
2. b)32 bits Correct answer
3. c)64 bits
4. d)128 bits
Explanation
From the book: "IPv4 is an older version of IP addressing. It uses 32-bit numeric addresses." Also: "Each number = 1 Byte = 8 bits", "Total = 32 bits".
94.
IPv6 is the newer version of IP addressing with:
1. a)32-bit addresses
2. b)48-bit addresses
3. c)64-bit addresses
4. d)128-bit addresses Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "IPv6 is the newer version with 128-bit addresses. IPv6 provides more address space. It supports modern Internet needs."
95.
In an IPv4 address, each of the 4 numbers can be from:
1. a)0 to 99
2. b)0 to 255 Correct answer
3. c)1 to 512
4. d)0 to 9999
Explanation
From the book: "IPv4 has 4 numbers, each 0-255, separated by dots." Each number is 1 byte (8 bits), and 8 bits can hold 256 values, 0 to 255.
96.
In the book's IPv4 example 192.168.1.10, which part identifies your specific device on that network?
1. a)192
2. b)192.168
3. c)192.168.1
4. d)10 Correct answer
Explanation
From the book's "Breakdown of IPv4" table: the Network part is "192.168.1" and "Identifies your local network, like "Gulshan Block Street 3""; the Host part is "10" and "Identifies your specific device on that network, like "House #10"".
97.
How is an IPv6 address written?
1. a)4 numbers, each 0-255, separated by dots
2. b)8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits, separated by colons Correct answer
3. c)6 groups of 2 binary digits, separated by commas
4. d)16 decimal numbers, separated by spaces
Explanation
From the book: "IPv6 has 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits, separated by colons." Example: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. Option a) describes IPv4.
98.
In an IPv6 address, each group is:
1. a)4 bits
2. b)8 bits
3. c)16 bits Correct answer
4. d)32 bits
Explanation
From the book: "Each group = 16 bits", "Total = 128 bits". 8 groups × 16 bits = 128 bits.
99.
According to the book's DO YOU KNOW? box, the total number of IPv4 addresses possible is about:
1. a)4.29 million
2. b)4.29 billion Correct answer
3. c)3.4 billion
4. d)3.4×10^38
Explanation
From the book's DO YOU KNOW? box: "Total IPv4 addresses possible: 4.29 billion". The number 3.4×10^38 is the IPv6 total from the second box: "IPv6 addresses comprise: 2^128 ≈ 3.4×10^38 total addresses."
100.
In the book's "Breakdown of IPv6" table, the Interface ID 0000:8a2e:0370:7334 means:
1. a)The ISP/region, like "Pakistan, Sindh, Karachi"
2. b)Your local network inside the ISP, like "Gulshan area"
3. c)Your specific device, like "Your laptop" Correct answer
4. d)The website you are visiting
Explanation
From the book's table: Global routing prefix "2001:0db8:85a3" means "ISP/region, like "Pakistan, Sindh, Karachi""; Subnet ID "0000" means "Your local network inside the ISP, like "Gulshan area""; Interface ID "0000:8a2e:0370:7334" means "Your specific device, like "Your laptop"".
101.
Subnetting divides a network into smaller parts. Each part is called a:
1. a)Router
2. b)Host
3. c)Subnet Correct answer
4. d)Gateway
Explanation
From the book: "Subnetting divides a network into smaller parts. Each part is called a subnet (as shown in Figure 1.15)."
102.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of subnetting given in the book?
1. a)It reduces network traffic
2. b)It improves performance
3. c)It increases security
4. d)It allows many devices to share one public IP address Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: subnetting "reduces network traffic. Subnetting improves performance. It increases security. Large networks use subnetting for management." Sharing one public IP address is what NAT does: "It allows many devices to share one public IP address."
103.
In Figure 1.15 (Subnetting Example), the network 192.168.1.0/24 is divided into which two subnets?
1. a)192.168.1.0/25 and 192.168.1.128/25 Correct answer
2. b)192.168.0.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24
3. c)192.168.1.0/16 and 192.168.1.128/16
4. d)192.168.1.10 and 192.168.1.20
Explanation
From Figure 1.15: Subnet 1 is labelled "192.168.1.0/25" and Subnet 2 is labelled "192.168.1.128/25", both under "192.168.1.0/24".
104.
Network Address Translation (NAT) is performed by:
1. a)Printers
2. b)Routers Correct answer
3. c)Keyboards
4. d)Web browsers
Explanation
From the book: "NAT stands for Network Address Translation. It allows many devices to share one public IP address. NAT is performed by routers. It hides private IP addresses."

1.9 Home Network Setup and Configuration

105.
According to the book, a home network is used to:
1. a)Connect different devices in a house Correct answer
2. b)Connect two countries
3. c)Store all files of a school
4. d)Print documents only
Explanation
From the book: "A home network is used to connect different devices in a house. It helps computers, mobile phones, and printers to communicate with each other."
106.
The main device in a home network is:
1. a)A printer
2. b)A router Correct answer
3. c)A keyboard
4. d)A monitor
Explanation
From the book: "A router is the main device in a home network." Also: "A router connects all devices in the network."
107.
Which component connects the home network to the internet service provider?
1. a)Switch
2. b)Printer
3. c)Modem Correct answer
4. d)Ethernet cable
Explanation
From the book: "A modem connects the home network to the internet service provider."
108.
According to the book, which of these are network devices in a home network?
1. a)Computers, laptops, and mobile phones Correct answer
2. b)Chairs, tables, and fans
3. c)Only routers
4. d)Only printers
Explanation
From the book: "Computers, laptops, and mobile phones are network devices."
109.
In a home network, wireless devices connect by using:
1. a)Network cables
2. b)Wi-Fi signals Correct answer
3. c)USB drives
4. d)Power cables
Explanation
From the book: "Network cables are used for wired connections. Wireless devices use Wi-Fi signals to connect."
110.
Which cables are commonly used in wired networks?
1. a)Ethernet cables Correct answer
2. b)HDMI cables
3. c)Power cables
4. d)Audio cables
Explanation
From the book: "A wired network uses cables to connect devices. Ethernet cables are commonly used in wired networks."
111.
In a wired network, devices are connected directly to:
1. a)A printer or scanner
2. b)A router or switch Correct answer
3. c)A monitor or speaker
4. d)A website
Explanation
From the book: "Devices are connected directly to a router or switch."
112.
Which statement about wired networks is correct according to the book?
1. a)They are less secure than wireless networks
2. b)Devices can move freely anywhere
3. c)They are more secure than wireless networks Correct answer
4. d)They use radio signals to send data
Explanation
From the book: "Wired connections provide high speed and stable performance. These networks are more secure than wireless networks. However, devices cannot move freely because of cables."
113.
What is a drawback of wired network connections given in the book?
1. a)They are slow and unstable
2. b)Devices cannot move freely because of cables Correct answer
3. c)They are not secure
4. d)They cannot connect to a router
Explanation
From the book: "However, devices cannot move freely because of cables." The book says wired connections "provide high speed and stable performance" and are "more secure than wireless networks", so a), c) and d) are wrong.
114.
A wireless network uses which of these to send and receive data?
1. a)Ethernet cables
2. b)Radio signals Correct answer
3. c)Telephone wires
4. d)Sound waves
Explanation
From the book: "A wireless network connects devices without using cables. It uses radio signals to send and receive data."
115.
The most common wireless technology used in homes is:
1. a)Ethernet
2. b)Wi-Fi Correct answer
3. c)Modem
4. d)Switch
Explanation
From the book: "Wi-Fi is the most common wireless technology used in homes."
116.
Which statement about wireless networks is given in the book?
1. a)They are always faster than wired networks
2. b)They are hard to install
3. c)They may be slower than wired networks in some cases Correct answer
4. d)Devices cannot move at all
Explanation
From the book: "Devices can move freely within the network range. Wireless networks are easy to install and use. They may be slower than wired networks in some cases."
117.
According to the book, proper configuration of a home network improves:
1. a)Network speed and safety Correct answer
2. b)Screen brightness
3. c)Printer ink quality
4. d)Battery size
Explanation
From the book: "Network setup makes data sharing easy and fast. Proper configuration improves network speed and safety."

1.10 Wi-Fi Security and Router Configuration

118.
Wi-Fi security protects the network from:
1. a)Unauthorized access Correct answer
2. b)Electricity failure
3. c)Heavy rain
4. d)Software updates
Explanation
From the book: "Wi-Fi security protects the network from unauthorized access. Without security, anyone can use the internet."
119.
According to the book, hackers can steal personal information from:
1. a)Unsecured networks Correct answer
2. b)Switched-off computers
3. c)Printed books
4. d)Locked cupboards
Explanation
From the book: "Hackers can steal personal information from unsecured networks. Secure Wi-Fi keeps data safe and private."
120.
Besides keeping data safe and private, secure Wi-Fi also:
1. a)Makes the screen brighter
2. b)Prevents slow internet speed Correct answer
3. c)Removes the need for a router
4. d)Charges mobile phones
Explanation
From the book: "Secure Wi-Fi keeps data safe and private. It also prevents slow internet speed. Strong security improves overall network performance."
121.
The router web interface is opened using:
1. a)A web browser Correct answer
2. b)A printer
3. c)A calculator
4. d)A spreadsheet
Explanation
From the book: "The router web interface is used to manage router settings. It is opened using a web browser."
122.
To access the router web interface, the user enters:
1. a)The website's name
2. b)The router's IP address Correct answer
3. c)The printer's name
4. d)The phone number of the ISP
Explanation
From the book: "The user enters the router's IP address to access it. A username and password are required to log in."
123.
Which of the following can be changed using the router web interface, according to the book?
1. a)The computer's screen size
2. b)The Wi-Fi name and password Correct answer
3. c)The keyboard language
4. d)The printer's paper size
Explanation
From the book: "The interface allows changes in Wi-Fi name and password. It also helps control security settings."
124.
Wi-Fi encryption converts data into:
1. a)A larger file
2. b)A secure form Correct answer
3. c)A printed page
4. d)An IP address
Explanation
From the book, point "2. Wi-Fi Encryption": "Protects data sent over the network. It converts data into a secure form."
125.
Which are common Wi-Fi security protocols according to the book?
1. a)HTTP and FTP
2. b)WPA2 and WPA3 Correct answer
3. c)IPv4 and IPv6
4. d)NAT and DNS
Explanation
From the book: "WPA2 and WPA3 are common security protocols."
126.
Which Wi-Fi security protocol does the book call old and not secure?
1. a)WPA3
2. b)WPA2
3. c)WEP Correct answer
4. d)SSH
Explanation
From the book: "Older protocols like WEP are not secure. Strong encryption prevents data theft. Users should always select the latest encryption method."
127.
According to the book, which encryption method should users always select?
1. a)The oldest one
2. b)The latest one Correct answer
3. c)No encryption
4. d)Any one, it does not matter
Explanation
From the book: "Users should always select the latest encryption method."
128.
A default gateway connects:
1. a)A keyboard to a computer
2. b)A local network to other networks Correct answer
3. c)A printer to paper
4. d)Two programs on one computer
Explanation
From the book: "A default gateway connects a local network to other networks. It is usually a router."
129.
The default gateway is usually a:
1. a)Printer
2. b)Monitor
3. c)Router Correct answer
4. d)Laptop
Explanation
From the book: "A default gateway connects a local network to other networks. It is usually a router."
130.
What happens to data meant for outside networks, according to the book?
1. a)It is deleted
2. b)It goes through the gateway Correct answer
3. c)It stays on the computer
4. d)It is printed
Explanation
From the book: "Data meant for outside networks goes through the gateway. The gateway forwards data to the correct network. Internet access depends on it."
131.
A guest network allows:
1. a)Visitors to use the internet Correct answer
2. b)Visitors to open personal devices
3. c)Hackers to change the router password
4. d)The router to switch off
Explanation
From the book: "A guest network allows visitors to use the internet. It is separate from the main home network. Guest users cannot access personal devices."
132.
Why does a guest network increase network safety and privacy?
1. a)Because guest users get the main Wi-Fi password
2. b)Because it is separate from the main home network and guest users cannot access personal devices Correct answer
3. c)Because it has no internet
4. d)Because it uses WEP
Explanation
From the book: "It is separate from the main home network. Guest users cannot access personal devices. This increases network safety and privacy."

1.11 Network Diagnostic Tools and Commands

133.
What are network diagnostic tools used for?
1. a)To design new websites
2. b)To find network problems Correct answer
3. c)To type documents
4. d)To store files on a server
Explanation
From the book: "Network diagnostic tools are used to find network problems. They help check internet and network connections."
134.
Where are network diagnostic commands entered?
1. a)In a word processor
2. b)In a web page form
3. c)Using the command prompt or terminal Correct answer
4. d)In a spreadsheet cell
Explanation
From the book: "Commands are entered using the command prompt or terminal."
135.
What do network diagnostic tools show?
1. a)Whether devices can communicate properly Correct answer
2. b)How much a device costs
3. c)Which apps are installed
4. d)The colour of the network cables
Explanation
From the book: "These tools show whether devices can communicate properly."
136.
Network troubleshooting checks:
1. a)Only the monitor
2. b)Cables, devices, and settings Correct answer
3. c)Only the keyboard and mouse
4. d)Only the printer
Explanation
From the book: "Troubleshooting checks cables, devices, and settings."
137.
Which of these is a benefit of proper network troubleshooting?
1. a)It increases network downtime
2. b)It removes the need for cables
3. c)It reduces network downtime and errors Correct answer
4. d)It makes every website free
Explanation
From the book: "It reduces network downtime and errors. It helps maintain smooth communication. Proper troubleshooting improves network performance."
138.
The ping command is used to:
1. a)Test network connectivity Correct answer
2. b)Change the Wi-Fi password
3. c)Delete files
4. d)Print a document
Explanation
From the book: "The ping command is used to test network connectivity. It checks if a device is reachable on the network."
139.
What does ping send to another device?
1. a)Large video files
2. b)Emails
3. c)Small data packets Correct answer
4. d)Electric signals only
Explanation
From the book: "Ping sends small data packets to another device (as shown in Figure 1.16)."
140.
In Figure 1.16 (Ping Command), what does Host A send to Host B?
1. a)ICMP Echo Reply
2. b)ICMP Echo Request Correct answer
3. c)DNS Request
4. d)Telnet Login
Explanation
In Figure 1.16 the arrow from Host A to Host B is labelled "ICMP Echo Request", and the arrow from Host B back to Host A is labelled "ICMP Echo Reply".
141.
Which network problem can the ping command help detect?
1. a)Network delays Correct answer
2. b)Spelling mistakes
3. c)Low battery
4. d)Broken screens
Explanation
From the book: "It measures response time from the destination. This command helps detect network delays."
142.
In the book's sample output, how many bytes of data does each ping packet carry?
1. a)8
2. b)16
3. c)32 Correct answer
4. d)118
Explanation
The book's sample output says: "Pinging google.com [142.250.190.14] with 32 bytes of data:" and every reply line shows "bytes=32". (118 is the TTL value, not the size.)
143.
In the sample line "Reply from 142.250.190.14: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=118", which part shows the response time?
1. a)142.250.190.14
2. b)bytes=32
3. c)time=25ms Correct answer
4. d)TTL=118
Explanation
From the book: ping "measures response time from the destination", and the sample output shows it as time=25ms (then 24ms, 26ms and 25ms in the other replies). Note: this time is the round trip, from sending the packet until the reply comes back.
144.
Ipconfig is used in which operating system?
1. a)Linux
2. b)macOS
3. c)Windows Correct answer
4. d)Android only
Explanation
From the book: "Ipconfig is used in Windows operating system. Ifconfig is used in Linux and macOS systems."
145.
Which information do the ipconfig and ifconfig commands show?
1. a)IP address and subnet mask Correct answer
2. b)Website passwords
3. c)Battery level
4. d)Screen brightness
Explanation
From the book: "These commands display network settings. They show IP address and subnet mask. They also show gateway and network status."
146.
Which tool sends data without encryption?
1. a)SSH
2. b)Telnet Correct answer
3. c)Firewall
4. d)Encryption software
Explanation
From the book: "Telnet is used for remote device access. It sends data without encryption."
147.
Which is a secure method for remote access that encrypts data?
1. a)Telnet
2. b)Ping
3. c)Secure Shell (SSH) Correct answer
4. d)Ipconfig
Explanation
From the book: "SSH is a secure method for remote access. SSH encrypts data for safety."

1.12 Network Performance

148.
Network performance means:
1. a)How well a network works Correct answer
2. b)How many cables a network has
3. c)The price of a network
4. d)The colour of a router
Explanation
From the book: "Network performance means how well a network works. It shows the speed and quality of data transfer."
149.
Network performance shows the:
1. a)Size and weight of devices
2. b)Speed and quality of data transfer Correct answer
3. c)Number of websites
4. d)Brand of the computer
Explanation
From the book: "It shows the speed and quality of data transfer."
150.
Poor network performance causes:
1. a)Fast and smooth communication
2. b)Better video quality
3. c)Slow internet and delays Correct answer
4. d)More free storage
Explanation
From the book: "Good performance allows fast and smooth communication. Poor performance causes slow internet and delays."
151.
Network performance depends on many factors, such as:
1. a)Bandwidth and latency Correct answer
2. b)Screen size and colour
3. c)Keyboard and mouse
4. d)Font and font size
Explanation
From the book: "Network performance depends on many factors, such as bandwidth and latency."
152.
According to the book, network bandwidth is:
1. a)The time taken by data to travel
2. b)The amount of data sent in a given time Correct answer
3. c)The number of users on a network
4. d)The length of a network cable
Explanation
From the book: "Network bandwidth is the amount of data sent in a given time. It shows how much data a network can carry." (Option a is the book's definition of latency.) Note: strictly, bandwidth is the maximum amount of data a link can carry in a given time (its capacity); the amount actually sent is called throughput.
153.
Bandwidth is usually measured in:
1. a)Milliseconds
2. b)Meters
3. c)Mbps Correct answer
4. d)Degrees
Explanation
From the book: "Bandwidth is usually measured in Mbps." (Milliseconds are used for latency.) Mbps means megabits per second.
154.
Higher bandwidth means:
1. a)Slower data transfer
2. b)Faster data transfer Correct answer
3. c)More lag
4. d)No internet
Explanation
From the book: "Higher bandwidth means faster data transfer. More devices use more bandwidth. Low bandwidth can cause slow internet speed."
155.
Network latency is:
1. a)The amount of data sent in a given time
2. b)The number of devices on a network
3. c)The time taken by data to travel Correct answer
4. d)A type of network cable
Explanation
From the book: "Network latency is the time taken by data to travel. It is the delay between sending and receiving data."
156.
Latency is measured in:
1. a)Mbps
2. b)Milliseconds Correct answer
3. c)Kilograms
4. d)Pixels
Explanation
From the book: "Latency is measured in milliseconds. Low latency means faster response."
157.
High latency causes:
1. a)Lag and delay Correct answer
2. b)Faster response
3. c)Higher bandwidth
4. d)Better security
Explanation
From the book: "Low latency means faster response. High latency causes lag and delay."
158.
Which of these need low latency, according to the book?
1. a)Printing a document
2. b)Online games and video calls Correct answer
3. c)Saving a file on a USB
4. d)Typing in a notebook
Explanation
From the book: "Online games and video calls need low latency."
159.
Which of these is NOT a cause of network delay given in the book?
1. a)Too many users
2. b)Poor-quality cables
3. c)Short distance between devices Correct answer
4. d)Hardware problems
Explanation
From the book: "Too many users can slow the network. Poor-quality cables can cause delay. Long distance between devices increases delay. Network congestion affects data speed. Hardware problems also cause network delay." The book says LONG distance increases delay, not short distance.
160.
According to the book, network congestion affects:
1. a)Screen brightness
2. b)Data speed Correct answer
3. c)Battery life
4. d)File names
Explanation
From the book: "Network congestion affects data speed."
161.
A student's video call keeps freezing while many people in the house use the same connection. Which cause of delay from the book fits best?
1. a)Too many users can slow the network Correct answer
2. b)Long distance between devices
3. c)Low latency
4. d)Higher bandwidth
Explanation
From the book: "Too many users can slow the network." Also: "More devices use more bandwidth. Low bandwidth can cause slow internet speed." Options c and d would make the call better, not worse.

1.13 Network Load Balancing

162.
Network load balancing is used to:
1. a)Manage network traffic Correct answer
2. b)Delete old files
3. c)Design web pages
4. d)Charge mobile phones
Explanation
From the book: "Network load balancing is used to manage network traffic."
163.
Load balancing distributes work among:
1. a)One single computer
2. b)Multiple servers or links Correct answer
3. c)Keyboards and mice
4. d)Printers only
Explanation
From the book: "It distributes work among multiple servers or links."
164.
Load balancing helps prevent:
1. a)Overloading of one device Correct answer
2. b)Use of the internet
3. c)Sharing of data
4. d)Use of servers
Explanation
From the book: "This helps prevent overloading of one device."
165.
Load balancing improves network:
1. a)Cost and weight
2. b)Speed and reliability Correct answer
3. c)Colour and size
4. d)Noise and heat
Explanation
From the book: "Load balancing improves network speed and reliability."
166.
Where is network load balancing used, according to the book?
1. a)Only in a single home computer
2. b)In large networks and data centers Correct answer
3. c)Only in calculators
4. d)Only in printers
Explanation
From the book: "It is used in large networks and data centers. Proper load balancing ensures smooth performance. It helps networks handle more users."
167.
In a network with load balancing, what happens if one server fails?
1. a)The whole network stops
2. b)All users are logged out
3. c)Others continue working Correct answer
4. d)The data is deleted
Explanation
From the book: "It reduces the risk of server failure. If one server fails, others continue working."
168.
Load balancing improves network speed and:
1. a)Response time Correct answer
2. b)Screen size
3. c)Cable length
4. d)File size
Explanation
From the book: "Load balancing improves network speed and response time."
169.
Load balancing increases network:
1. a)Delay and lag
2. b)Reliability and availability Correct answer
3. c)Downtime
4. d)Congestion
Explanation
From the book: "Load balancing helps handle high traffic easily. It increases network reliability and availability."
170.
Which load balancing method sends requests one by one?
1. a)Least Connection
2. b)IP Hash
3. c)Round Robin Correct answer
4. d)Ping
Explanation
From the book: "Round Robin method sends requests one by one."
171.
Which method sends traffic to less busy servers?
1. a)Round Robin
2. b)Least Connection Correct answer
3. c)IP Hash
4. d)Telnet
Explanation
From the book: "Least Connection method sends traffic to less busy servers."
172.
Which method uses IP address to decide traffic?
1. a)IP Hash Correct answer
2. b)Round Robin
3. c)Least Connection
4. d)SSH
Explanation
From the book: "IP Hash method uses IP address to decide traffic."
173.
Server A has 50 users, Server B has 10 users and Server C has 30 users. A new request arrives. Which server will the Least Connection method choose?
1. a)Server A
2. b)Server B Correct answer
3. c)Server C
4. d)All three at once
Explanation
From the book: "Least Connection method sends traffic to less busy servers." Server B, with only 10 users, is the least busy.
174.
Which of these is NOT a benefit of load balancing given in the book?
1. a)Better user experience
2. b)Handling high traffic easily
3. c)Higher reliability and availability
4. d)Making all servers fail together Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "It reduces the risk of server failure. If one server fails, others continue working. It provides better user experience. Load balancing helps handle high traffic easily. It increases network reliability and availability."

1.14 Network Security

175.
According to the book, network security is used to:
1. a)Protect computer networks Correct answer
2. b)Increase the bandwidth of a network
3. c)Convert domain names into IP addresses
4. d)Design web pages
Explanation
From the book: "Network security is used to protect computer networks."
176.
Network security keeps data safe from:
1. a)Backup copies
2. b)Unauthorized access Correct answer
3. c)Authorized users
4. d)Load balancing
Explanation
From the book: "It keeps data safe from unauthorized access."
177.
A firewall is:
1. a)A type of network cable
2. b)A storage device
3. c)A security device or software Correct answer
4. d)A web browser
Explanation
From the book: "A firewall is a security device or software."
178.
A firewall controls:
1. a)Incoming and outgoing network traffic Correct answer
2. b)Only the speed of the internet
3. c)The printer of a computer
4. d)The colour of the screen
Explanation
From the book: "It controls incoming and outgoing network traffic."
179.
Firewalls act as a barrier between:
1. a)Two printers
2. b)Safe and unsafe networks Correct answer
3. c)Usernames and passwords
4. d)Full and incremental backups
Explanation
From the book: "They act as a barrier between safe and unsafe networks."
180.
Which security tool does the book say blocks harmful or unwanted data (as shown in Figure 1.17)?
1. a)Encryption
2. b)Access control
3. c)Firewall Correct answer
4. d)Recovery software
Explanation
From the book: "Firewalls block harmful or unwanted data (as shown in Figure 1.17)." Figure 1.17 is titled "Firewall Protection".
181.
Encryption changes data into:
1. a)A secret form Correct answer
2. b)A smaller file
3. c)A printed page
4. d)An IP address
Explanation
From the book: "Encryption changes data into a secret form. Only authorized users can read encrypted data."
182.
According to the book, encryption is used in:
1. a)Monitors and keyboards
2. b)Emails and online banking Correct answer
3. c)Cables and hubs
4. d)Paper notebooks
Explanation
From the book: "Encryption is used in emails and online banking."
183.
Bilal sends his online banking password over the internet. Which security measure from the book protects this data during transfer?
1. a)Load balancing
2. b)Encryption Correct answer
3. c)System restore
4. d)Full backup
Explanation
From the book: "Encryption changes data into a secret form. Only authorized users can read encrypted data. It protects data during transfer. Encryption is used in emails and online banking."
184.
Access control decides:
1. a)Who can use the network Correct answer
2. b)How fast data travels
3. c)Which cable to use
4. d)When to make a backup
Explanation
From the book: "Access control decides who can use the network. It allows only authorized users to enter."
185.
According to the book, usernames and passwords are common:
1. a)Firewalls
2. b)Access controls Correct answer
3. c)Security threats
4. d)Backup types
Explanation
From the book: "Usernames and passwords are common access controls."
186.
In access control, permissions:
1. a)Change data into a secret form
2. b)Limit what users can do Correct answer
3. c)Stop network services
4. d)Save all data at once
Explanation
From the book: "Permissions limit what users can do."
187.
According to the book, phishing:
1. a)Tricks users to share information Correct answer
2. b)Blocks harmful data
3. c)Restores lost data
4. d)Balances network load
Explanation
From the book: "Phishing tricks users to share information."
188.
Which threat does the book say stops network services?
1. a)Phishing
2. b)Denial of Service attacks Correct answer
3. c)Strong encryption
4. d)Access control
Explanation
From the book: "Denial of Service attacks stop network services."
189.
Which of the following is NOT listed by the book as a common network security threat?
1. a)Viruses and malware
2. b)Hackers
3. c)Phishing
4. d)Load balancing Correct answer
Explanation
From the book: "There are many threats to network security. Viruses and malware damage systems. Hackers try to steal data. Phishing tricks users to share information. Denial of Service attacks stop network services." Load balancing is not a threat: it is a way to manage network traffic (topic 1.13).

1.15 Data Backup and Recovery

190.
According to the book, data backup means:
1. a)Deleting old data
2. b)Making a copy of important data Correct answer
3. c)Sending data to another country
4. d)Changing data into a secret form
Explanation
From the book: "Data backup means making a copy of important data. It helps protect data from loss or damage."
191.
According to the book, data can be lost due to:
1. a)Viruses or hardware failure Correct answer
2. b)Strong passwords
3. c)Firewalls
4. d)Regular backups
Explanation
From the book: "Data can be lost due to viruses or hardware failure."
192.
Recovery is:
1. a)The process of getting data back Correct answer
2. b)The process of deleting data
3. c)A type of network cable
4. d)A security threat
Explanation
From the book: "Recovery is the process of getting data back."
193.
According to the book, every user should back up data:
1. a)Once in a lifetime
2. b)Never
3. c)Regularly Correct answer
4. d)Only after data is lost
Explanation
From the book: "Backup and recovery are very important for safety. Every user should back up data regularly."
194.
Which type of backup saves all data at once?
1. a)Incremental backup
2. b)Differential backup
3. c)Full backup Correct answer
4. d)Cloud backup
Explanation
From the book: "Full backup saves all data at once."
195.
According to the book, incremental backup saves:
1. a)All data at once
2. b)Only changed data Correct answer
3. c)Only deleted files
4. d)System data only
Explanation
From the book: "Incremental backup saves only changed data."
196.
Differential backup saves:
1. a)All data at once
2. b)Changes since last full backup Correct answer
3. c)Only usernames and passwords
4. d)Only the operating system
Explanation
From the book: "Differential backup saves changes since last full backup."
197.
Besides hard drives, the book says backups can be stored on:
1. a)Cloud storage Correct answer
2. b)A firewall
3. c)A router
4. d)A monitor
Explanation
From the book: "Backups can be stored on hard drives. Cloud storage is also used for backup."
198.
According to the book, recovery software helps:
1. a)Block harmful data
2. b)Get deleted files Correct answer
3. c)Speed up the network
4. d)Create strong passwords
Explanation
From the book: "Recovery software helps get deleted files."
199.
Which data recovery method does the book say can recover system data?
1. a)Phishing
2. b)System restore Correct answer
3. c)Load balancing
4. d)Encryption
Explanation
From the book: "System restore can recover system data."
200.
Ayesha's hard disk is physically damaged and she has no backup. According to the book, who can recover data from damaged devices?
1. a)Hackers
2. b)Professionals Correct answer
3. c)Firewalls
4. d)Network cables
Explanation
From the book: "Professionals can recover data from damaged devices."
201.
Which statement about backup types is correct according to the book?
1. a)Full backup saves only changed data
2. b)Incremental backup saves all data at once
3. c)Differential backup saves changes since last full backup Correct answer
4. d)Cloud storage cannot be used for backup
Explanation
From the book: "Full backup saves all data at once. Incremental backup saves only changed data. Differential backup saves changes since last full backup. Backups can be stored on hard drives. Cloud storage is also used for backup." Only option c matches the book.

1.16 Usability and Security Tradeoffs

202.
According to the book, usability means:
1. a)How fast a network sends data
2. b)How easy a system is to use Correct answer
3. c)How many users a network has
4. d)How data is changed into a secret form
Explanation
From the book: "Usability means how easy a system is to use."
203.
According to the book, a usable system is:
1. a)Simple and clear Correct answer
2. b)Slow and confusing
3. c)Hard to learn
4. d)Without any security
Explanation
From the book: "A usable system is simple and clear. Users can learn it quickly. Tasks can be done without confusion."
204.
Good usability saves:
1. a)Disk space
2. b)Time and effort Correct answer
3. c)Electricity only
4. d)Passwords
Explanation
From the book: "Good usability saves time and effort. It improves user satisfaction."
205.
According to the book, security means:
1. a)Making a system easy to use
2. b)Protecting systems and data Correct answer
3. c)Making a copy of important data
4. d)Sending requests one by one
Explanation
From the book: "Security means protecting systems and data. It prevents unauthorized access."
206.
According to the book, security protects against:
1. a)Viruses and hackers Correct answer
2. b)Good usability
3. c)Fast internet
4. d)Regular backups
Explanation
From the book: "Security protects against viruses and hackers. It keeps information private and safe."
207.
According to the book, increasing security can:
1. a)Make systems easier to use
2. b)Make systems harder to use Correct answer
3. c)Remove all risks
4. d)Make passwords easy to remember
Explanation
From the book: "Increasing security can make systems harder to use."
208.
According to the book, strong passwords are:
1. a)Easy to guess
2. b)Difficult to remember Correct answer
3. c)Not needed for security
4. d)The same as usernames
Explanation
From the book: "Strong passwords are difficult to remember."
209.
According to the book, extra login steps:
1. a)Slow down users Correct answer
2. b)Make systems less secure
3. c)Delete user data
4. d)Speed up the network
Explanation
From the book: "Extra login steps slow down users."
210.
According to the book, simple systems are:
1. a)Harder and more secure
2. b)Easier but less secure Correct answer
3. c)Easier and fully secure
4. d)Harder but less secure
Explanation
From the book: "Simple systems are easier but less secure."
211.
What does the book say is required for safe and easy use?
1. a)Removing all security
2. b)Only strong passwords
3. c)A balance Correct answer
4. d)More login steps
Explanation
From the book: "A balance is required for safe and easy use."
212.
A school removes the password from its office computer so staff can use it faster. According to the book, what is the result?
1. a)The computer becomes more secure
2. b)Removing security increases risk Correct answer
3. c)Data can never be lost
4. d)The computer needs no security at all
Explanation
From the book: "Simple systems are easier but less secure. Removing security increases risk." The book also says: "Every system needs basic security."
213.
Which pair correctly shows the tradeoff described in the book?
1. a)Strong passwords: more secure, but difficult to remember Correct answer
2. b)Simple systems: harder to use, but more secure
3. c)Extra login steps: faster for users, but less secure
4. d)Removing security: safer, but slower
Explanation
From the book: "Increasing security can make systems harder to use. Strong passwords are difficult to remember. Extra login steps slow down users. Simple systems are easier but less secure. Removing security increases risk." Options b, c and d reverse what the book says.

Exercise from the book

214.
A computer network is:
Book exercise
1. a)A single computer system
2. b)A group of connected computers and devices Correct answer
3. c)A software program
4. d)A storage device
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: B. Topic 1.1, Introduction to Computer Networks (page 1): "A computer network allows different devices to connect and communicate with each other." Figure 1.1: "A computer network connects multiple devices to share data and resources". Summary (page 17): "A computer network is a group of connected computers and devices that share data, resources, and services."
215.
The device used to connect a computer to a network is:
Book exercise
1. a)Monitor
2. b)Keyboard
3. c)Network Interface Card (NIC) Correct answer
4. d)Printer
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: C. Topic 1.4, Network Interface Card (NIC) (page 4): "A Network Interface Card allows a device to connect to a network (as shown in Figure 1.6)." "Without a NIC, a device cannot communicate on a network."
216.
A network that covers a small geographical area, such as a school or office, is:
Book exercise
1. a)WAN
2. b)MAN
3. c)LAN Correct answer
4. d)Internet
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: C. Topic 1.3, Local Area Network (LAN) (page 3): "A Local Area Network connects devices within a small area (as shown in Figure 1.3). This area can be a home, school, or office." A WAN "covers a large geographic area". Note: the book never teaches MAN; its types are "LAN, WAN, and the Internet (Public WAN)".
217.
The topology that uses a central hub or switch is:
Book exercise
1. a)Bus Topology
2. b)Ring Topology
3. c)Star Topology Correct answer
4. d)Mesh Topology
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: C. Topic 1.5, Star Topology (page 5): "In star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch (as shown in Figure 1.9). Data passes through the central device."
218.
The OSI model contains:
Book exercise
1. a)Five layers
2. b)Six layers
3. c)Seven layers Correct answer
4. d)Eight layers
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: C. Topic 1.6, OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection) (page 8): "The OSI model has seven layers. Each layer performs a different function." Figure 1.13 shows them: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.
219.
The protocol mainly used to view web pages is:
Book exercise
1. a)FTP
2. b)DNS
3. c)TCP
4. d)HTTP Correct answer
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: D. Topic 1.7, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (page 9): "HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is used to transfer web pages. HTTP works between a web browser and a web server. It allows users to view websites." FTP "is used to upload and download files"; DNS "converts website names into IP addresses".
220.
The main function of a router is to:
Book exercise
1. a)Store data
2. b)Connect devices within a network
3. c)Connect different networks Correct answer
4. d)Display web pages
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: C. Topic 1.4, Router (page 4): "A router connects different networks together. It directs data packets to their correct destination. Routers connect local networks to the Internet." Option b is the switch: "A switch connects devices and sends data to the correct device." (page 4)
221.
DNS is used to:
Book exercise
1. a)Transfer files
2. b)Protect data
3. c)Convert domain names into IP addresses Correct answer
4. d)Connect hardware devices
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: C. Topic 1.7, Domain Name System (DNS) (page 9): "DNS stands for Domain Name System. It converts website names into IP addresses." Figure 1.14: DNS Name Resolution Process shows www.example.com(opens in a new tab) turned into 93.184.216.34.
222.
The device that converts digital signals for Internet transmission is:
Book exercise
1. a)Switch
2. b)Hub
3. c)Modem Correct answer
4. d)NIC
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: C. Topic 1.4, Modem (page 4): "A modem connects a local network to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). It converts digital data into signals suitable for transmission. It also converts incoming signals back into digital form." Note: the book says "digital data", not "digital signals", and it does not teach a hub as a separate device (it names a "central hub" only in star topology, 1.5).
223.
The topology that provides the highest reliability is:
Book exercise
1. a)Bus topology
2. b)Ring topology
3. c)Star topology
4. d)Mesh topology Correct answer
Explanation
From book page 19 Answer Key: D. Topic 1.5, Mesh Topology (page 6): "Multiple paths exist for data transmission. This increases reliability and fault tolerance. Failure of one link does not stop communication." Table 1.1 (page 7) lists for mesh: "Highly reliable and fault-tolerant". In bus, ring and star, one failure (main cable, one device, central hub) can stop the network.

1.1 Introduction to Computer Networks

A computer network is:

According to the book, a computer network allows different devices to:

Communication through networks saves:

According to the book, devices in a network communicate using:

Which of these does the book say a network allows to move from one device to another?

According to the book, how big can a network be?

Which of the following is given in the book as "a common example of network use"?

According to the book, banks use networks for:

According to the book, schools use networks for:

The TIDBIT in topic 1.1 says that networks support:

1.2 Network Architecture and Basic Concepts

According to the book, network architecture is:

Network architecture shows how which of these are arranged?

According to the book, network architecture includes:

Besides arranging devices, network architecture also defines:

According to the book, a good architecture helps the network:

Before transmission, data is broken into small:

According to the book, what guides packets to the correct destination?

What does the receiving device do with the packets?

Which order matches how a network works, according to the book?

According to the book, the packet process allows:

1.3 Types of Computer Networks

A network that covers a small geographical area, such as a school or office, is:

According to the book, computer networks are classified based on:

Which are the most common types of computer networks named in the book?

According to the book, understanding network types helps in:

Which of these is commonly used in LANs, according to the book?

A LAN is usually owned and managed by:

Which statement about LAN is correct, according to the book?

A Wide Area Network connects networks in:

According to the book, WAN uses:

Which is the largest example of a WAN, according to the book?

Compared with a LAN, the book says a WAN:

Which services does the book say use the Internet?

According to the TIDBIT in topic 1.3, ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a:

1.4 Networking Devices

The device used to connect a computer to a network is:

The main function of a router is to:

The device that converts digital signals for Internet transmission is:

Each NIC has a unique address called:

According to the book, what do networking devices control?

Which device connects devices and sends data to the correct device?

Routers use which addresses to send data?

A modem connects a local network to:

According to the book, modems are used with:

Which device provides Wi-Fi connectivity and extends wireless network coverage?

Which statement about a Network Interface Card (NIC) is correct?

A school wants Wi-Fi in every block of its large campus. Which device does the book say is used in large buildings and campuses?

1.5 Network Topologies

The topology that uses a central hub or switch is:

The topology that provides the highest reliability is:

Network topology refers to:

Which type of topology shows how data flows in the network?

In bus topology, all devices are connected to:

Which topology is "suitable for small networks" but "not good for large networks"?

In ring topology, data moves:

Which topology does the book say "is rarely used today"?

Tree topology combines features of which two topologies?

In tree topology, failure of which part can affect the entire network?

In which topology does "Failure of one device does not affect others"?

According to Table 1.1, "No data collision" is an advantage of:

According to Table 1.1, which of these is a disadvantage of mesh topology?

A large organization wants a network that is easy to expand and has hierarchical management. Which topology fits these advantages in Table 1.1?

1.6 Network Models and Layers

The OSI model contains:

According to the book, network models explain:

OSI stands for:

Which OSI layer sends raw data as electrical, optical, or radio signals over the medium?

Framing, error detection/correction, and control of access to the shared transmission medium are handled by the:

Which OSI layer manages logical addressing (IP addresses) and determines the best path for data delivery?

Error recovery, flow control, and segmentation of data into smaller units are performed by the:

Which OSI layer establishes, maintains, and terminates communication sessions between applications?

Data encryption, compression, and format conversion are handled by the:

Which OSI layer supports protocols like HTTP, FTP, and email services?

Figure 1.13 shows the OSI model on the sender side. In which direction does the data flow?

According to the book, which statement about network layers is correct?

According to the TIDBIT in the book, the middle layers of the OSI model:

Besides making networks easier to understand and manage, layered models also help in:

According to the book, which three OSI layers support user interaction and data formatting?